Table of Contents
Weisburd, S. (2016). Does police presence reduce car accidents? Technical report, August.
Research design: The research question in this article was whether the presence of police reduces car accidents. The author sought to know the number of accidents that would occur in Dallas, Texas when there was a police presence. The data was collected by measuring the police presence using geographic locators placed in 873 police vehicles between January and December of 2009. The data was collected from. This author uses detailed microdata collected by The Police Foundation Dallas, Texas.
Reason for the methodology: The researcher used the quantitative method because he/she wanted to give unbiased statistics which can be used to estimate the result from other places i.e to generalize the findings. The method is also more reliable and objective, in this way the subjectivity of the researcher is recognized less.
Validity: according to the author, the investigation on the simultaneous bias is valid. The author has achieved this by determining the impact a “random patrol” police car would have on fixed effects located on specific locations during their patrol routines. Moreover, the author outlines the methodologies and approaches he employed to come up with the conclusions. The significance and honor accorded to the police force and their ability to maintain law and order has been underscored as the main ethical consideration.
Luca, D. L. (2015). Do traffic tickets reduce motor vehicle accidents? Evidence from a natural experiment. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(1), 85-106.
Research design: The research question was whether traffic tickets reduce motor vehicle accidents. The method used was quantitative research method. The author bases his research topic on the theory that traffic tickets are one of the reasons why motor vehicle accidents have reduced. The data was gotten through mobilization that was conducted by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of Massachusetts that also funded it.
Reason for the method: The reason for the methodology was that qualitative research method looks at relationships between variables and can establish cause and effect in highly controlled circumstances.
Ethical considerations: The author considers the fact that issuance of traffic tickets is used as a means of generating money for the municipality; also the police are biased when issuing the traffic tickets.
Halsey, M. (1945). Accident Prevention vs. Accident Cause. J. Crim. L. & Criminology, 36, 349.
Research design: the research question was if present police power offsets the power of more gasoline. The criminological theory was the effects that traffic factors will have towards the increase of road accidents, traffic factors such as unrestricted gasoline use. The methodology used in this article is qualitative research method; it gives deeper reasoning and logical methods of combating road accidents.
Reason for the method: the author uses this method because he wants to describe the characteristics of the issue which he is talking about and for this, he doesn’t need numerical data.
Validity: the author uses clearly illustrated points that use current issues to address the effects that unrestricted gasoline usage can lead to more road accidents. He/she also uses reason to argue out his/her point although he is speaking her/his mind.
Ethical considerations: The author looks at a society that rules and regulations are going to be the cause of problems for the community. E.g. he says that unmonitored uses of gasoline mean more travels and hence much work for the police and then more accidents.
Boudreaux, C. J. (2013). Do Traffic Tickets Increase Road Safety? Evidence From Two New Sources.
Research design: The research question was whether traffic tickets increase road safety. The theory was that police officer can offer citations with the hope of reducing traffic accidents and reduce recklessness on the roads. The article uses two sources of data, the first one was from Florida Department of Highway and Safety Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV) comprising of annual crash data for 67 Florida counties during 12 years from 1999-2010. The second data was from the same source and comprised of monthly crash statistics for the 67 Florida counties during the months in the years 2010 and 2011 for a total of 24 months. The method used was quantitative research method.
Reason for the method: The research was about the frequency, the method was important because there was a need for numerical evidence. The findings could also be used to apply to other areas to manage traffic accidents and reckless behavior.
Validity: the author validates the investigation by using a testable hypothesis, that tickets can reduce traffic accidents. he/she does not base the investigations on his/her own assumptions by He showing the step by step equations to prove this.
Ethical considerations: The author looks at how much sensitization the drivers need in order to abide by the traffic rules that they clearly know but do ignore e.g. the author points out that the drivers also need to be reminded of the importance of seatbelts.
DYE, L. (2017). Do Traffic Tickets Saves Lives?. ABC News. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=97598&page=1
Research design: The research question was whether traffic tickets save lives. The data was collected from a major research project by scientists in Canada and California. The method of research used was qualitative research and the data was gotten from previous studies and by interview.
Reason for the method: The method was used to allow for responding to the emerging issue, (the research topic) during sessions, due to the flexibility of the method. He/she also used the method because of the different opinions he/she was getting from different participants.
Validity: The author derives research from other previous studies to validate his/her current investigation e.g. he/she views from Redelmeier and Tibshirani from University of Toronto and Stanford University respectively.
Ethical considerations: The author considers the reaction from motorist when they see a traffic police coming towards them, the police are seen as nuisances but their presence is life-saving for most people in one way or the other.
We can do it today.
- Boudreaux, C. J. (2013). Do Traffic Tickets Increase Road Safety? Evidence From Two New Sources.
- DYE, L. (2017). Do Traffic Tickets Saves Lives?. ABC News. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=97598&page=1
- Halsey, M. (1945). Accident Prevention vs. Accident Cause. J. Crim. L. & Criminology, 36, 349.
- Luca, D. L. (2015). Do traffic tickets reduce motor vehicle accidents? Evidence from a natural experiment. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(1), 85-106.
- Weisburd, S. (2016). Does police presence reduce car accidents? Technical report, August.